Pinch clamp

ABSTRACT

Pinch clamps are provided which generate positive displacement while also preventing rebound. To prevent rebound while providing positive displacement, the upper and lower clamping surfaces may be configured to form a pinch profile along which the tubing is compressed with the pinch point being formed at the distal end of the pinch profile. To further prevent rebound, the lower arm of the pinch clamp can include blocking ribs that interface with the upper clamping surface to prevent distal travelling of the pinch point even if the upper arm is forced into an over-engaged position

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/741,382, filed Oct. 4, 2018, and entitled “PINCH CLAMP,” which isincorporated herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Pinch clamps are commonly employed to obstruct tubing of an intravenousor other medical system. Pinch clamps oftentimes have a clam-shelldesign where an upper arm is connected to a lower arm via a livinghinge. The lower arm is typically configured to retain the upper arm ina closed position in which the tubing is clamped between the two arms.

Traditional pinch clamp designs suffer from various drawbacks. Forexample, due to the molding process, pinch clamps typically have sharpedges that may cause patient discomfort. The molding process also causesthe pinch clamps to be relatively bulky. Many pinch clamp designs alsoallow the two arms to move laterally when in the closed position leadingto unintended disengagement of the pinch clamp. Even when lateraldisengagement features are incorporated into these designs, asymmetry inthe features oftentimes leads to failure in one direction.

Many pinch clamp designs also enable over-engagement which may result inrebound. FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate an example of how rebound may occur whena pinch clamp 100 is over-engaged. Pinch clamp 100 includes an upper arm110 that is connected to a lower arm 120 via a living hinge 130. Aterminal portion 140 (where “terminal” represents that terminal portion140 is towards the patient or distal end of tubing 190 relative toliving hinge 130) extends upwardly from lower arm 120 opposite livinghinge 130. An engaging structure 141 is formed at the upper end ofterminal portion 140. Engaging structure 141 forms an engaging surface141 that is oriented downwardly to enable the leading end 111 of upperarm 110 to be maintained below engaging surface 141 to thereby engagepinch clamp 100. In this engaged position, lower clamping surface 151and upper clamping surface 152 are positioned with sufficient proximityto obstruct tubing 190 that extends through pinch clamp 100.

FIG. 1A illustrates pinch clamp 100 when in the engaged position. Tomove pinch clamp 100 into this engaged position, the clinician willtypically squeeze upper and lower arms 110, 120 until leading end 111 ofupper arm 110 drops below engaging surface 141. At that point, thebiased terminal portion 140 will maintain leading end 111 beneathengaging surface 141. Difficulties arise, however, due to the ability ofupper arm 110 to travel downwardly beyond what is necessary to reach theengaged position. For example, FIG. 1B illustrates that upper arm 110has been forced downward so that leading end 111 has traveledsubstantially beyond engaging surface 141 a. As a result, upper clampingsurface 152 has contacted lower clamping surface 151 and traveled in aforward direction (i.e., towards terminal end 140) relative to lowerclamping surface 151.

This forward movement of upper clamping surface 152 relative to lowerclamping surface 151 results in “positive displacement” of the fluidwithin tubing 190 as represented by the arrow in FIG. 1B. In otherwords, the over-engagement of pinch clamp 100 will cause fluid withintubing 190 to flow into or at least towards the patient. Positivedisplacement is generally desirable. However, in this scenario, becausethe positive displacement is a result of over-engagement, a rebound willoccur as represented in FIG. 1C. In FIG. 1C, it is assumed that theclinician is no longer squeezing pinch clamp 100 and therefore, upperarm 110 has pivoted upwardly back to the engaged position (i.e., untilleading end 111 contacts engaging surface 141 a). This upward movementof upper arm 110 relative to lower arm 120 will cause upper clampingsurface 152 to also travel in an upward and somewhat backward direction.This upward and backward movement increases the internal volume oftubing 190 downstream from the “pinch point.” (i.e., the point wherelower clamping surface 151 and upper clamping surface 152 occlude tubing190). As a result, fluid—likely including blood—will be sucked into thecatheter of other device to which tubing 190 is coupled. The termrebound represents this transition from the over-engaged positiondepicted in FIG. 1B to the engaged position depicted in FIG. 1C.

The reflux that results from a pinch clamp rebound creates a number ofproblems. For example, the reflux of blood can increase the risk ofocclusion (e.g., due to an intraluminal thrombus within the catheter)which may prevent fluids from being infused through the catheter orprevent blood from being withdrawn. Even if occlusion does not occur,the reflux can increase the risk of infection.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates generally to pinch clamps that aredesigned to provide positive displacement while also preventing rebound.As a result, the design of these pinch clamps minimizes the occurrenceof reflux. In addition to preventing rebound, the design of the pinchclamps can prevent lateral disengagement, minimize the force requiredfor engagement and enhance patient comfort.

To prevent rebound while providing positive displacement, the upper andlower clamping surfaces may be configured to form a pinch profile alongwhich the tubing is compressed with the pinch point being formed at thedistal end of the pinch profile. To further prevent rebound, the lowerarm of the pinch clamp can include blocking ribs that interface with theupper clamping surface to prevent distal travelling of the pinch pointeven if the upper arm is forced into an over-engaged position.

In some embodiments, the present invention is implemented as a pinchclamp that includes an upper arm having a proximal end and a distal endand a lower arm having a proximal end and a distal end where theproximal end of the lower arm is coupled to the proximal end of theupper arm via a hinge. The pinch clamp also includes a terminal end thatextends upwardly from the distal end of the lower arm. The terminal endincludes an engaging structure that forms an engaging surface thatinterfaces with the distal end of the upper arm to retain the pinchclamp in an engaged position. An upper clamping surface is formed on theupper arm and has a proximal portion and a distal portion. Also, a lowerclamping surface is formed on the lower arm and has a proximal portionand a distal portion. When the pinch clamp is in the engaged position, adistance between the distal portion of the upper clamping surface andthe distal portion of the lower clamping surface is less than a distancebetween the proximal portion of the upper clamping surface and theproximal portion of the lower clamping surface.

In other embodiments, the present invention is implemented as a pinchclamp that includes an upper arm having a proximal end and a distal endand a lower arm having a proximal end and a distal end where theproximal end of the lower arm is coupled to the proximal end of theupper arm via a hinge. The pinch clamp also includes a terminal end thatextends upwardly from the distal end of the lower arm. The terminal endincludes an engaging structure that forms an engaging surface thatinterfaces with the distal end of the upper arm to retain the pinchclamp in an engaged position. An upper clamping surface is formed on theupper arm and has a proximal portion and a distal portion. Also, a lowerclamping surface is formed on the lower arm and has a proximal portionand a distal portion. The pinch clamp further includes blocking ribsthat are positioned on opposing sides of the lower arm and extenddistally from the distal portion of the lower clamping surface.

In other embodiments, the present invention is implemented as a pinchclamp that includes an upper arm having a proximal end and a distal endand a lower arm having a proximal end and a distal end where theproximal end of the lower arm is coupled to the proximal end of theupper arm via a hinge. The pinch clamp also includes a terminal end thatextends upwardly from the distal end of the lower arm. The terminal endincludes an engaging structure that forms an engaging surface thatinterfaces with the distal end of the upper arm to retain the pinchclamp in an engaged position. An upper clamping surface is formed on theupper arm and has a flat proximal portion and a distal portion thatprotrudes downwardly from the flat proximal portion. A lower clampingsurface is formed on the lower arm and is flat.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and arenot restrictive of the invention, as claimed. It should be understoodthat the various embodiments are not limited to the arrangements andinstrumentality shown in the drawings. It should also be understood thatthe embodiments may be combined, or that other embodiments may beutilized and that structural changes, unless so claimed, may be madewithout departing from the scope of the various embodiments of thepresent invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, notto be taken in a limiting sense.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Example embodiments will be described and explained with additionalspecificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings inwhich:

FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate a prior art pinch clamp including how the pinchclamp causes reflux when the pinch clamp is over-engaged;

FIG. 2A provides a front perspective view of a pinch clamp configured inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2B provides a front view of the pinch clamp of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2C provides a side view of the pinch clamp of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2D provides a cross-sectional front view of the pinch clamp of FIG.2A when in the disengaged position;

FIG. 2E provides a cross-sectional front view of the pinch clamp of FIG.2A when in the engaged position;

FIG. 3 illustrates a pinch clamp configured in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a pinch clamp configured in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 5 illustrates a pinch clamp configured in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Pinch clamps that are configured in accordance with the presentinvention can provide positive displacement while also preventingrebound to thereby minimize the occurrence of reflux. By structuring theupper and lower clamping surfaces to provide a pinch profile, as opposedto a single pinch point, the pinch clamps of the present invention cancause positive displacement. Additionally, the upper and lower clampingsurfaces can be configured to form the pinch point towards the distalend of the pinch profile. The positioning of the pinch point towards thedistal end can minimize the likelihood of rebound if the pinch clamp isover-engaged. Alternatively or additionally, the pinch clamps caninclude blocking ribs that interface with the upper clamping surface toprevent distal travelling of the pinch point even if the upper arm isforced into an over-engaged position

FIGS. 2A-2E provide various views of a pinch clamp 200 that isconfigured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.Pinch clamp 200 includes an upper arm 210, a lower arm 220, a livinghinge 230 that couples the proximal ends of upper and lower arms 210,220 and a terminal end 240 that extends upwardly from the distal end oflower arm 220. Living hinge 230 and terminal end 240 form openings 230 aand 240 a respectively through which tubing (not shown) extends. Anupper portion of terminal end 240 forms an engaging structure 241 havinga downward facing engaging surface 241 a. Upper arm 210 pivots relativeto lower arm 220 to allow leading end 211 of upper arm 210 to be securedunder engaging surface 241 a to thereby maintain pinch clamp 200 in theengaged position. In some embodiments, leading end 211 may include aprotruding portion 212 that extends outwardly from one side of upper arm210. To enhance grip, upper arm 210 and lower arm 220 may include aseries of ridges 213 and 222 respectively that span the width of therespective arm.

To prevent lateral disengagement, lower arm 220 can include tabs 221that extend upwardly from opposing sides of lower arm 220 to therebyform a gap between the tabs. Upper arm 210 can include a rib 214 thatextends downwardly from the underside of upper arm 210 and that isconfigured to insert into the gap between tabs 221. The interfacebetween rib 214 and tabs 221 will prevent upper arm 210 from movinglaterally relative to lower arm 220 while in the engaged positionthereby preventing leading end 211 from becoming laterally disengagedfrom engaging surface 241 a. As is best seen in FIG. 2B, rib 214 andtabs 221 can be positioned towards terminal end 240. In addition topreventing lateral disengagement, tabs 221 also function to center thetubing between lower arm 210 and upper arm 220. In other embodiments,pinch clamp 200 may not include rib 214 as is shown in FIG. 5. In suchembodiments, pinch clamp 200 can be disengaged by lateral movement butwill still provide positive displacement and center the tubing.

As is best shown in FIG. 2B, pinch clamp 200 can be configured so that,when lower arm 220 is horizontal and pinch clamp 220 is in thedisengaged position, upper arm 210 will be oriented at an upward angle.Also, as best shown in FIG. 2C, the outer edges 231 of upper arm 210 andlower arm 220 are rounded to eliminate sharp edges and thereby enhancepatient comfort.

Upper arm 210 forms an upper clamping surface 252 that is positionedproximal to and extends downwardly beyond rib 214. In some embodiments,including the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 2A-2E, upper clamping surface252 includes a generally flat proximal portion 252 b and a protrudingdistal portion 252 a. In other embodiments, upper clamping surface 252may not include protruding distal portion 252 a such that upper clampingsurface 252 is generally flat from its proximal end to its distal end.Lower arm 220 forms a lower clamping surface 251 that is generally flat.Blocking ribs 253 extend distally beyond a distal end of lower clampingsurface 251 along opposing sides of lower arm 220. A gap 253 a isthereby formed between blocking ribs 253 distal to lower clampingsurface 251. In some embodiments, tabs 221 comprise a raised extensionof blocking ribs 253.

Upper clamping surface 252 and lower clamping surface 251 are bothelongated to thereby create a pinch profile when pinch clamp 200 is inthe engaged position. With reference to FIGS. 2D and 2E, upper clampingsurface 252 can be configured so that it is angled upwardly in a distaldirection relative to lower clamping surface 251 when pinch clamp is inthe disengaged position. Then, once pinch clamp 200 is transitioned intothe engaged position, upper clamping surface 252 pivots into a downwardorientation relative to lower clamping surface 251. As part of thistransition, proximal portion 252 b will first contact and compress thetubing towards a proximal end of lower clamping surface 251. Thiscompression of the tubing will cause positive displacement. As pinchclamp 200 transitions fully into the engaged position and due to thedownwardly angled orientation of upper clamping surface 252, distalportion 252 a will contact, compress and occlude the tubing (i.e.,create the pinch point) towards a distal end of lower clamping surface251. Accordingly, the pinch profile consists of compression of thetubing towards the proximal end of clamping surfaces 251/252 andocclusion of the tubing at the distal end of clamping surfaces 251/252.

The force required to occlude the tubing is minimized by providingprotruding distal portion 252 a. More specifically, protruding distalportion 252 a minimizes the length of the tubing that is occludedthereby minimizing the squeezing force required to reach the engagedposition. In contrast, if upper clamping surface 252 is flat, a greaterlength of tubing would be compressed and occluded thereby increasing thesqueezing force required to reach the engaged position.

Again with reference to FIG. 2E, due to the positioning of blocking ribs253, if an over-engaging force is applied to pinch clamp 200, upperclamping surface 252 will be blocked from travelling in a downwarddirection relative to lower clamping surface 251. In other words,blocking ribs 253 will prevent the pinch point from travelling in adistal direction thereby preventing rebound once the over-engaging forceis removed. The generally flat orientation of lower clamping surface 251and blocking ribs 253 combined with the downwardly angled orientation ofupper clamping surface 252 will also convert the over-engaging force onupper arm 220 into a pivoting force around distal portion 252 a. Thispivoting force will minimize the likelihood that upper clamping surface252 will slide in a distal direction relative to lower clamping surface251.

FIG. 3 illustrates an alternate configuration of lower clamping surface251 and upper clamping surface 252 that also provides a pinch profile.In this embodiment, upper clamping surface 252 includes a generally flatproximal portion 252 b and a protruding distal portion 252 a similar towhat was described above. However, lower clamping surface 251 alsoincludes a protruding distal portion 251 b that generally aligns withdistal portion 252 a but that is elongated relative to distal portion252 a. In this configuration, the generally flat proximal portions ofupper and lower clamping surfaces 252/251 will compress the tubing whiledistal portions 252 a/251 a will form the pinch point.

FIG. 4 illustrates another alternate configuration of lower clampingsurface 251 and upper clamping surface 252 that also provides a pinchprofile. In this embodiment, lower clamping surface 251 is not flat, butincludes a protruding proximal portion 251 b in addition to protrudingdistal portion 251 a. Proximal portion 251 b protrudes upwardly fartherthan distal portion 251 a. Upper clamping surface 252 includesprotruding distal portion 252 a as well as a protruding proximal portion252 b. A recessed portion 252 c is formed between distal portion 252 aand proximal portion 252 b and has a curved shape that corresponds tothe curved shape of proximal portion 251 b. Proximal portion 251 binserts into recessed portion 252 c which in turn can preventover-engagement of the pinch clamp.

As shown in FIG. 4, when in the engaged position, a generally constantspacing is formed between proximal portion 251 b and recessed portion252 c and between proximal portion 251 b and proximal portion 252 b.This constant spacing forms a channel in which the tubing will becompressed but not occluded. In contrast, in the engaged position, thespacing between distal portion 252 a and distal portion 251 a is lessthan the constant spacing between the other portions so that a pinchpoint is formed between distal portions 252 a/251 a.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the elongated upper and lowerclamping surfaces will provide positive displacement and will alsoprevent rebound. Rebound is prevented due to the pinch profile whichpositions the pinch point at the distal end of the clamping surfaces.

In summary, the pinch clamps of the present invention include upper andlower clamping surfaces that are configured to provide a pinch profile.This pinch profile provides positive displacement by compressing thetubing towards the proximal end of the clamping surfaces and preventsrebound by positioning the pinch point towards the distal end of theclamping surfaces.

We claim:
 1. A pinch clamp comprising: an upper arm having a proximalend and a distal end; a lower arm having a proximal end and a distalend, wherein the proximal end of the lower arm is coupled to theproximal end of the upper arm via a hinge; a terminal end that extendsupwardly from the distal end of the lower arm, the terminal endincluding an engaging structure that forms an engaging surface thatinterfaces with the distal end of the upper arm to retain the pinchclamp in an engaged position; an upper clamping surface formed on theupper arm, the upper clamping surface having a proximal portion and adistal portion; and a lower clamping surface formed on the lower arm,the lower clamping surface having a proximal portion and a distalportion; wherein, when the pinch clamp is in the engaged position, adistance between the distal portion of the upper clamping surface andthe distal portion of the lower clamping surface is less than a distancebetween the proximal portion of the upper clamping surface and theproximal portion of the lower clamping surface.
 2. The pinch clamp ofclaim 1, wherein the proximal and distal portions of the lower clampingsurface form a flat surface.
 3. The pinch clamp of claim 2, wherein theproximal portion of the upper clamping surface is flat and the distalportion of the upper clamping surface protrudes downwardly from the flatproximal portion of the upper clamping surface.
 4. The pinch clamp ofclaim 1, further comprising: blocking ribs that are positioned onopposing sides of the lower arm and that extend distally from the distalportion of the lower clamping surface.
 5. The pinch clamp of claim 4,wherein the distal portion of the lower clamping surface is flat and theblocking ribs form an extension of the flat distal portion of the lowerclamping surface.
 6. The pinch clamp of claim 1, further comprising:tabs that are positioned on opposing sides of the lower arm; and a ribthat extends downwardly from the upper arm between the tabs.
 7. Thepinch clamp of claim 6, further comprising: blocking ribs that arepositioned on opposing sides of the lower arms, the blocking ribs beingpositioned between the lower clamping surface and the tabs.
 8. The pinchclamp of claim 1, wherein edges of the upper and lower arms are rounded.9. The pinch clamp of claim 1, wherein the distal portion of the upperand lower clamping surfaces each comprises a protruding distal portion.10. The pinch clamp of claim 9, wherein proximal portion of the upperclamping surface comprises a protruding proximal portion.
 11. The pinchclamp of claim 10, wherein the upper clamping surface includes arecessed portion between the protruding distal portion and theprotruding proximal portion of the upper clamping surface.
 12. The pinchclamp of claim 11, wherein the proximal portion of the lower clampingsurface comprises a protruding proximal portion that inserts into therecessed portion of the upper clamping surface.
 13. A pinch clampcomprising: an upper arm having a proximal end and a distal end; a lowerarm having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end ofthe lower arm is coupled to the proximal end of the upper arm via ahinge; a terminal end that extends upwardly from the distal end of thelower arm, the terminal end including an engaging structure that formsan engaging surface that interfaces with the distal end of the upper armto retain the pinch clamp in an engaged position; an upper clampingsurface formed on the upper arm, the upper clamping surface having aproximal portion and a distal portion; a lower clamping surface formedon the lower arm, the lower clamping surface having a proximal portionand a distal portion; and blocking ribs that are positioned on opposingsides of the lower arm and that extend distally from the distal portionof the lower clamping surface.
 14. The pinch clamp of claim 13, whereinthe proximal and distal portions of the lower clamping surface form aflat surface.
 15. The pinch clamp of claim 14, wherein the blocking ribsform extensions of the flat surface.
 16. The pinch clamp of claim 13,wherein the proximal portion of the upper clamping surface is flat andthe distal portion of the upper clamping surface protrudes downwardlyfrom the flat proximal portion of the upper clamping surface.
 17. Thepinch clamp of claim 13, wherein the upper clamping surface is angleddownward in a distal direction relative to the lower clamping surfacewhen the pinch clamp is in the engaged position.
 18. A pinch clampcomprising: an upper arm having a proximal end and a distal end; a lowerarm having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end ofthe lower arm is coupled to the proximal end of the upper arm via ahinge; a terminal end that extends upwardly from the distal end of thelower arm, the terminal end including an engaging structure that formsan engaging surface that interfaces with the distal end of the upper armto retain the pinch clamp in an engaged position; an upper clampingsurface formed on the upper arm, the upper clamping surface having aflat proximal portion and a distal portion that protrudes downwardlyfrom the flat proximal portion; and a lower clamping surface formed onthe lower arm, the lower clamping surface being flat.
 19. The pinchclamp of claim 18, wherein the upper clamping surface is angled downwardin a distal direction relative to the lower clamping surface when thepinch clamp is in the engaged position.
 20. The pinch clamp of claim 18,further comprising: blocking ribs that are positioned on opposing sidesof the lower arm and that extend distally from the distal portion of thelower clamping surface.